Polysorbates, a group of emulsifiers labeled as E432 to E436, are widely used in the food industry to improve texture, extend shelf life, and blend ingredients that normally don’t mix, such as oil and water. While they play a functional role in many processed foods, these additives have earned a place among the top 20 most harmful food additives, raising concerns about their long-term impact on health.
In this article, we’ll explore what Polysorbates are, where they’re commonly found, their potential health risks, and practical tips to help you avoid them.
What Are Polysorbates (E432–E436)?
Polysorbates are synthetic emulsifiers made by treating sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, with ethylene oxide and fatty acids. Their primary function is to stabilize products, ensuring a smooth texture and consistency. The most common types include:
- Polysorbate 20 (E432)
- Polysorbate 40 (E433)
- Polysorbate 60 (E434)
- Polysorbate 65 (E435)
- Polysorbate 80 (E436)
These emulsifiers are commonly used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, making them almost unavoidable in daily life.
Where Are Polysorbates Found?

Polysorbates are frequently added to processed foods and other consumer products. Here’s a list of common items where they may appear:
Food Products
- Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts: Used to create a smooth, creamy texture.
- Baked Goods: Found in bread, pastries, and cake mixes to improve dough consistency.
- Dairy Products: Creamers, flavored milks, and processed cheeses.
- Sauces and Dressings: Used to keep oil and water from separating.
- Confectionery: Candy, chocolates, and chewing gum.
Non-Food Items
- Cosmetics: Lotions, creams, and makeup products.
- Pharmaceuticals: Coating for pills and ingredients in liquid medicines.
- Personal Care Products: Toothpaste and shampoos.
Common Names for Polysorbates
When reading labels, look for these terms:
- Polysorbate followed by a number (e.g., Polysorbate 80).
- E432–E436.
- Tween (used in some scientific or industrial contexts).
Health Impacts of Polysorbates

While Polysorbates are approved for use in many countries, concerns have been raised about their potential effects on human health, especially with frequent or long-term exposure.
1. Disruption of Gut Microbiome
Emerging research indicates that polysorbates, particularly polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 60, may negatively affect the gut microbiome. Studies on animals have shown that these additives can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, leading to inflammation and a weakened intestinal barrier. This disruption has been linked to an increased risk of conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome.
2. Potential Role in Inflammation
Polysorbates are believed to promote low-grade chronic inflammation in some individuals. Animal studies suggest that these emulsifiers may interact with the immune system, causing an inflammatory response in the intestinal lining. Chronic inflammation is associated with various health issues, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and certain cancers.
3. Possible Allergic Reactions
Although rare, polysorbates have been reported to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Symptoms can range from mild skin rashes and itching to severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Polysorbates are also known to cross-react with certain other chemicals, potentially heightening the risk of allergic responses in predisposed individuals.
4. Impact on Metabolic Health
There is evidence suggesting that polysorbates might contribute to metabolic health issues. Animal studies have linked the consumption of polysorbates to weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. While human studies are limited, the association with metabolic disturbances has raised concerns about their long-term safety.
5. Concerns for Children
Children, who often consume processed snacks and ice creams containing Polysorbates, may be at a higher risk of gut health issues and immune system disruption.
How to Avoid Polysorbates (E432–E436)
Reducing or eliminating Polysorbates from your diet requires some diligence, but it’s entirely possible with these tips:
- 1. Check Labels Carefully
- Look for terms like “Polysorbate 80” or “E432–E436” on ingredient lists. Be especially cautious with processed desserts, baked goods, and dairy products.
- 2. Choose Whole Foods
- Focus on fresh, unprocessed foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, which are naturally free of synthetic additives.
- 3. Opt for Clean Label Products
- Support brands that prioritize transparency and avoid harmful additives like Polysorbates. Many companies now produce additive-free versions of popular products.
- 4. Make Your Own
- Prepare homemade versions of commonly processed foods, such as salad dressings, baked goods, and ice creams. This allows you to control the ingredients and avoid synthetic emulsifiers.
- 5. Use the Food Additives Index
- For more information on harmful additives like Polysorbates and how to identify them, visit the Food Additives Index on SmartEatingHabits.com. This resource helps you make informed choices about the products you consume.
Why It Matters
Polysorbates (E432–E436) may seem like harmless additives, but their potential to disrupt gut health, promote inflammation, and pose long-term risks makes them worth avoiding. With processed foods being a significant source of these emulsifiers, making informed choices about what you eat is essential for protecting your health.
Clean Eating Starts Here
At SmartEatingHabits.com, we’re dedicated to helping you navigate the complexities of food labels and additives. From understanding harmful ingredients like Polysorbates to offering personalized meal plans, we provide the tools you need to embrace clean, additive-free eating.
Ready to take the first step? Explore our Food Additives Index to learn more about harmful additives and how to avoid them. Share this article with your loved ones and empower them to make smarter, healthier choices today!